¹Naotaka Tomioka
Japanese Magazine of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences (in Press)
Open Access Link to Article [DOI: 10.2465/gkk.260114]
¹Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, EMS, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, B200 Monobe, Kochi, Nankoku, 783-8502, Japan

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^1,2C. Krahnold, ³A. Sadeghi, ⁴D. Harries, ²H. Mutschke, ^3,5S. V. Vegesna, ⁶F. Langenhorst, ³S. E. Stanca, ³J. Plentz, ^3,5H. Krüger
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 711, A106
Open Access Link to Article [DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202659441]
¹Microstructure Technology, Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
²Astrophysical Institute and University Observatory (AIU), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Schillergässchen 3, 07749 Jena, Germany
³Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
⁴European Space Resources Innovation Centre, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Maison de l’innovation 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
⁵Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
⁶Analytical Mineralogy of Micro- and Nanostructures, CEEC II/Institute for Geosciences (IGW), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstr. 14, 07743 Jena, Germany

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¹J. Varga et al. (>10)
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 711, A125
Open Access Link to Article [DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202659855]
¹Konkoly Observatory, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre of Excellence, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 15-17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary

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¹Heng-Ci Tian, ^1,2Wei Yang, ^1,2Yang-Ting Lin
Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (in Press)
Link to Article [DOI: 10.3724/j.issn.1007-2802.20250085]
¹Key Laboratory of Planetary Science and Frontier Technology, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
²College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

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¹Galina V. Pashkova et al. (>10)
Talanta (in Press)
Link to Article [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2026.130626]
¹Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 128 Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia

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¹Jinwei Xiang, ^1,2Wladimir Neumann, ³Ye Li, ¹Lei Jin, ⁴Yanlin Zhu, ¹Ziliang Jin
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 710, A324
Open Access Link to Article [DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202660136]
¹State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
²Institute of Geodesy, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
³Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
⁴Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

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^1,2Ruoyu Zhai, ¹Tianyi Xu, ³Liuming Peng, ^1,2Azeem Khalid, ^1,2Siyuan Li, ^3,4Min Shu, ^1,3Yunzhao Wu
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 710, A3
Open Access Link to Article [DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202558039]
¹Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China
²School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
³State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
⁴School of Mathematics and Information Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China

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^1,2Scott J. VanBommel (>10)
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 123, e2620747123
Open Source Link to Article [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2620747123]

¹McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
²Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058

Human exploration of Mars requires a thorough characterization of surface hazards before crews arrive. Using in situ X-ray fluorescence data from the Perseverance rover, we provide direct characterization of fine (≲2.5 µm) and ultrafine (≲0.1 µm) Martian dust fractions. These respirable particles are small enough to penetrate deep into pulmonary alveoli, bypass the blood–brain barrier, and threaten vital organs. We show that this toxic, reactive dust persistently adheres to spacesuit- and habitat-analogous materials via electrostatic and mechanical sorting. These findings deliver an empirical foundation essential for defining crew safety standards, planetary protection protocols, and environmental control designs well ahead of human surface deployment.

^1,2,3Maxim Topaz, ¹Pallavi Gupta, ⁴Zhihong Zhang, ^5,6,7Laura-Maria Peltonen
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 123, e2623869123
Open Source Link to Article [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2623869123]

¹School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
²Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
³Center for Home Care Policy & Research, VNS Health, New York, NY 10017
⁴Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
⁵Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio 70211, Finland
⁶Wellbeing Services County of Southwest Finland, Turku 20521, Finland
⁷Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland

References to nonexistent studies are well documented in biomedical research, but evidence outside biomedicine is limited. We analyzed a stratified random sample of 500,000 peer-reviewed journal papers in chemistry, physics, materials science, engineering, and computer science published from January 2023 through March 31, 2026, using OpenAlex, a large open index of scholarly works and citations. Our automated pipeline classified 1,135 references across 619 papers as fabricated, with 85.8% precision on masked expert review; fabricated is an operational label for a claimed title that could not be located in any of seven bibliographic and open-web sources. Affected-paper prevalence rose from 1 in 1,600 (6.3 per 10,000) in 2023 to 1 in 435 (23.0 per 10,000) in the first quarter of 2026, and full-period rates differed roughly sixfold across fields, from 25.6 per 10,000 papers in physics to 4.3 in chemistry. Most affected papers contained one or two fabricated references, but the 27 papers containing five or more accounted for more than a third of all fabricated references identified. Applying each field’s rate to the approximately 7 million OpenAlex papers indexed in these fields gives an estimated 8,500 papers carrying at least one fabricated reference. Routine automated reference verification at submission, together with retrospective screening of the published literature, can detect fabricated references before and after they enter the scientific record.