¹Oleg S. Vereshchagin,¹Maya O. Khmelnitskaya,¹Natalia S. Vlasenko,¹Elena N. Perova,¹Mikhail N. Murashko,²Yevgeny Vapnik,¹Elena S. Sukharzhevskaya,³Albina G. Kopylova,^1,4Sergey N. Britvin
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (in Press) Link to Article [https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JE009396]
¹Saint Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
²Department ofGeological and Environmental Sciences, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer‐Sheva, Israel
³Diamond and PreciousMetal Geology Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia
⁴Nanomaterial Research Center,Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia
Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons

Iron is one of the most common elements on Earth and is present in the modern crust mainly in the form of (hydro)oxides and silicates, whereas terrestrial (telluric) native Fe is extremely rare. It is generally assumed that telluric Fe differs greatly in its chemical composition and mineralogy from the metal of iron meteorites, indicating different modes of formation. We uncover haxonite (NiFe22C6) and uakitite (VN) within telluric iron assemblages in terrestrial crustal rocks (volcanic rocks of the Norilsk ore region, Russia and metamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Basin, Israel, respectively). Both minerals were previously discovered in iron meteorites and were thought to be absent in Earth’s crustal rocks. Consequently, we analyzed available data on terrestrial rocks containing native iron and iron meteorites and compared their oxygen-free mineral assemblages. The resemblance in mineralogy suggests that at least some metal-rich asteroids may have formed in a manner similar to telluric iron. We suggest that heating at low pressures (T ≈ 1000°C, P < 10 MPa) of the primary Fe-bearing silicates in the presence of organic matter led to the formation of an iron melt at low oxygen fugacity (up to 5 units below Fe-FeO buffer). Significant differences in the geochemistry of terrestrial and extraterrestrial iron are associated with different degrees of evolution of the primary minerals involved in their formation.