¹Shigeko Togashi,¹Akihiko Tomiya,²Noriko T.Kita,^1,3Yuichi Morishita
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (in Press) Link to Article [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2021.12.029]
¹Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Central 7, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan
²Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison 1215 W. Dayton Street Madison, WI 53706-1692, USA
³Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
Copyright Elsevier

The origin of the KREEP (K, Rare Earth Element and P)-rich component of the Mg-suite rocks of the Procellarum KREEP Terrane (PKT), one of three major lunar crustal terranes, is unclear. In an attempt to determine its origin, we estimated the composition of host magmas of plutonic rocks, including Mg-suite rocks and evolved rocks, from the PKT (PKT-host magmas) by using secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses of plagioclase. Calculated partition coefficients for Sr, Ba and Ti between plagioclase and melts, taking into account the anorthite content of plagioclase, temperature and bulk rock major-element compositions, were applied to determine parental magma compositions. The PKT-host magmas contained 160–360 ppm Sr, 520–7600 ppm Ba and 1.1–7.0 wt.% TiO2; most of them had higher Ti and Ba concentrations than KREEP basalts and high-K KREEP. We used phase relations based on the Rhyolite-MELTS algorithm to explore the evolution of the PKT-host magmas and KREEP basalts from two bulk silicate moon (BSM) starting compositions, a BSM with chondritic ratios of refractory elements, and a crustal-component-enriched BSM with non-chondritic ratios of refractory elements. We propose a three-stage evolution model. Stage-1: polybaric multi-step fractionation from a BSM magma to form ferroan anorthosite (FAN) crust and an evolved magma as the first KREEP-rich component (M0). Stage-2: assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) of M0, early cumulate and FAN associated with deep mantle overturn and impact events to form the PKT-host magmas, Mg-suite rocks and an evolved magma as the second KREEP-rich component (K0). Stage-3: further AFC cycles of K0, Mg-suite rocks or FAN associated with shallow mantle overturn and impact events to form KREEP basalts. This three-stage model for a crustal-component-enriched BSM with non-chondritic ratios of refractory elements (e.g., a sub-chondritic Ti/Ba ratio) reproduced the compositions of both the host magmas of FAN and the PKT-host magmas that fractionated to form the Mg-suite rocks and KREEP basalts of the PKT region. In particular, the model reproduced the high Ti and Ba contents of the PKT-host magmas we estimated from plagioclase composition. Variations of TiO2 and Ba contents (and hence Ti/Ba ratios) of the magmas were critical controls on their evolution.