¹Nicolas P.Walte,²Giulio F.D.Solferino,³Gregor J.Golabek,³Danielle Silva Souza,³Audrey Bouvier
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 546, 116419 Link to Article [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116419]
¹Heinz Meier-Leibnitz Centre for Neutron Science (MLZ), Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
²Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, TW20 0EX Egham, United Kingdom
³Bayerisches Geoinstitut (BGI), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
Copyright Elsevier

Pallasites, stony-iron meteorites predominantly composed of olivine crystals and Fe-Ni metal, are samples of the interior of early solar system bodies and can thus provide valuable insights into the formation of terrestrial planets. However, pallasite origin is controversial, either sampling the core-mantle boundary or the shallower mantle of planetesimals that suffered an impact. We present high strain-rate deformation experiments with the model system olivine + FeS melt ± gold melt to investigate pallasite formation and the evolution of their parent bodies and compare the resulting microstructures to two samples of Seymchan pallasite. Our experiments reproduced the major textural features of pallasites including the different olivine shapes, olivine aggregates, and the distribution of the metal and sulfide phases. These results indicate that pallasites preserve evidence for a two-stage formation process including inefficient core-mantle differentiation and an impact causing disruption, metal melt injection, and fast cooling within months to years. Olivine aggregates, important constituents of angular pallasites, are reinterpreted as samples of a partially differentiated mantle containing primordial metallic melt not stemming from the impactor. The long-term retention of more than 10 vol% of metal melt in a silicate mantle sampled by olivine aggregates indicates high effective percolation thresholds and inefficient metal-silicate differentiation in planetesimals not experiencing a magma ocean stage.