¹M. J. Burchell,²R. C. Ogliore,¹P. J. Wozniakiewicz
Meteoritics & Planetary Sciences (in Press) Open Access Link to Article [https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.70090]
¹Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, School of Engineering, Mathematics and Physics
²University of Kent,Canterbury, Kent, UK2 Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons

The desire to sample material from the interior of Io, by flying through its volcanicplumes, requires consideration of the flyby speed and the types of sample collection techniquesthat can be utilized. Low speed collection (1–2.5 km s1) would require an orbit around Io itself,which is unlikely due to the accumulated radiation dose that would be experienced. Moderatecollection speeds (7–9 km s1) are possible for flybys of Io arising from either a single passagethrough the Jovian system (followed by sample return) or a carefully selected orbit aroundJupiter that has the main purpose of visiting Io. However, even if they include an Io closepassage, most Jovian mission orbit concepts also include and even prioritize other scienceobjectives, resulting in orbits with Io collection speeds of around 17–19 km s1 (or greater).Depending on the speed and collector material, the peak shock pressures during collection maythus range from 5 to hundreds of GPa for impacts on solid, nonporous media, with pressuresfrom 0.01 to 5 GPa for impacts on low-density aerogels. These shock pressures are calculatedherein for a range of Io encounter speeds and collector types, and the degree of sample captureand impact processing are estimated. While capture of material is shown to be possible at speedsup to 10 km s1, permitting both in situ analysis or sample return to Earth, above these speedsretention of significant amounts of unvaporized material in a collector is not viable.