¹Martin R. Lee, ¹Sammy Griffin, ^2,2Ross Findlay, ³Xuchao Zhao, ³Ian A. Franchi
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (in Press) Open Access Link to Article [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2025.12.051]
¹School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
²Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
³School of Physical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
Copyright Elsevier

The CM2 meteorites Grove Mountains (GRV) 021536, Murchison, and Shidian, contain anhydrous lithic clasts that have been interpreted as fragments of a planetesimal linked to CM or CV group carbonaceous chondrites. Here we describe 57 lithic clasts in Cold Bokkeveld (CM2) that are strikingly similar to those in the other three CMs in their petrography, mineralogy, and chemical and isotopic compositions. The Cold Bokkeveld clasts are dominated by equilibrated olivine, with subordinate plagioclase feldspar (andesine), clinopyroxene (diopside), nepheline, a spinel-group oxide (ferrian chromite), pentlandite, pyrrhotite, troilite and merrillite. Their bulk chemical composition is chondritic, and olivine oxygen isotope values span a wide range, from δ18O 3.6 ‰ Δ17O −3.9 ‰ to δ18O 20.3 ‰ Δ17O 1.1 ‰. Two clusters of clasts can potentially be distinguished from the chemical composition of their olivine: Fa38 and Fa41. The Fa38 cluster includes most of Cold Bokkeveld’s clasts and is close in chemical composition to those described from GRV 021526 and Murchison. The Fa41 cluster is represented by the largest Cold Bokkeveld clast, and its olivine is compositionally comparable to that in Shidian. Anhydrous lithic clasts that occur in all four of the CM meteorites are likely to have been derived from a large planetesimal with CM and CY affinities that had undergone thermal metamorphism and metasomatism. The CV3 breccias Mokoia and Yamato 86009 contain anhydrous lithic clasts that are close in mineralogy and oxygen isotopic composition to those in the four CMs and so are likely to have been sourced from the same carbonaceous planetesimal or one with a similar geological history. The oxygen isotopic compositions of olivine in clasts from GRV 021536, Murchison, Shidian, Cold Bokkeveld, Mokoia and Yamato 86009 plot on a shared trendline in 3-oxygen isotope space that connects the CV-CK-CO, CM, and CY fields thus suggesting genetic or evolutionary links between the five carbonaceous chondrite groups. The occurrence of these distinctive clasts in four CM2 meteorites could indicate that their parent body was the same rubble pile asteroid that had been built from aqueously altered and thermally metamorphosed lithologies.