¹Vladimir Svetsov,¹Valery Shuvalov,¹Dmitry Glazachev,¹Olga Popova,¹Natalia Artemieva,¹Elena Podobnaya,¹Valery Khazins
Meteoritics & Planetary Science (in Press) Link to Article [https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.14329]
¹Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons

We completed numerical simulations of a number of asteroid and comet impacts on Earth to predict related shock wave and thermal radiation effects and to estimate seismic effects, as well as ionospheric disturbances. Using interpolation of the results, we were able to estimate these effects for arbitrary impact parameters. In addition, we used previously developed models to estimate the size of the impact crater and ejecta thickness. Finally, we developed a user-friendly web-based calculator (https://asteroidhazard.pro/) that quickly estimates shock wave pressure and radiation exposure at a given location, as well as crater size and average ejecta layer thickness, if any, seismic magnitude, change in ionospheric density, and some other values. The input parameters of the calculator are the impactor diameter and density, its speed and inclination angle of the trajectory above the atmosphere, and the coordinates of the observer (the point on the ground where it is necessary to determine the impact consequences). This paper describes the methods of numerical simulations and techniques for approximating the results. We present a few examples of how to assess the impact hazard, in particular, overpressure and wind speed on the surface, thermal radiation, and seismic shaking after a crater-forming impact or an airburst in the atmosphere.