¹Mark A. Sephton,^2,3,4Queenie H. S. Chan,¹Jonathan S. Watson,⁵Mark J. Burchell,⁵Vassilia Spathis,⁴Monica M. Grady,⁴Alexander B. Verchovsky,⁴Feargus A. J. Abernethy,⁴Ian A. Franchi
Meteoritics & Planetary Science (in Press) Link to Article [https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13952]
¹Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
²Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, TW20 0EX UK
³UK Fireball Network (UKFN), UK
⁴The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA UK
⁵Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH UK
Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons

The Winchcombe meteorite fell on February 28, 2021 in Gloucestershire, United Kingdom. As the most accurately recorded carbonaceous chondrite fall, the Winchcombe meteorite represents an opportunity to link a tangible sample of known chemical constitution to a specific region of the solar system whose chemistry can only be otherwise predicted or observed remotely. Winchcombe is a CM carbonaceous chondrite, a group known for their rich and varied abiotic organic chemistry. The rapid collection of Winchcombe provides an opportunity to study a relatively terrestrial contaminant-limited meteoritic organic assemblage. The majority of the organic matter in CM chondrites is macromolecular in nature and we have performed nondestructive and destructive analyses of Winchcombe by Raman spectroscopy, online pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (pyrolysis–GC–MS), and stepped combustion. The Winchcombe pyrolysis products were consistent with a CM chondrite, namely aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing units including thiophenes, oxygen-containing units such as phenols and furans, and nitrogen-containing units such as pyridine; many substituted/alkylated forms of these units were also present. The presence of phenols in the online pyrolysis products indicated only limited influence from aqueous alteration, which can deplete the phenol precursors in the macromolecule when aqueous alteration is extensive. Raman spectroscopy and stepped combustion also generated responses consistent with a CM chondrite. The pyrolysis–GC–MS data are likely to reflect the more labile and thermally sensitive portions of the macromolecular materials while the Raman and stepped combustion data will also reflect the more refractory and nonpyrolyzable component; hence, we accessed the complete macromolecular fraction of the recently fallen Winchcombe meteorite and revealed a chemical constitution that is similar to other meteorites of the CM group.

^1,2,3Yanhua Peng et al. (>10)
Icarus (in Press) Link to Article [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115493]
¹Institution of Meteorites and Planetary Materials Research, Key Laboratory of Planetary Geological Evolution at Universities of Guangxi Province, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
²Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
³Nanning College of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
Copyright Elsevier

Metallic iron (Fe0) particles with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to the submicroscopic scale and formed by space weathering are specific components of lunar soil. Previous studies have suggested that the iron significantly alters the optical properties of lunar soil. For example, nanophase metallic iron (npFe0) causes both reddening and darkening of the lunar soil spectrum, and submicroscopic metallic iron (SMFe) only causes darkening. Here, we prepared SMFe particles with an average size of ~180 nm embedded within melt glasses through carbothermal reduction experiments to analogize agglutinated glasses in the lunar soil. We evaluated the effect of SMFe content on visible and near-infrared (VIS–NIR) reflectance spectra of these lunar soil samples simulants. The spectral data show that SMFe content plays a key role in the optical properties of samples, including the average reflectance in the VIS-NIR range (400–2150 nm), and the absorption depth at ~2 μm. A small amount (0.05 wt%) of SMFe mainly causes significant spectral darkening, and the average reflectance is reduced by 50% when the SMFe content rises to 0.36 wt%. Both the average reflectance and the absorption depth at ~2 μm show a negative correlation with the SMFe content. We developed a quantitative model relating the spectral characteristics and the SMFe abundance based on experimental results. Thus, the SMFe contents play a key role in altering spectral characteristics of airless bodies during remote sensing spectroscopic detection.